Oil refining-Mechanical refining
Mechanical refining
1. Precipitation
①Principle of precipitation
Precipitation is a method of using the different specific gravity of oil and impurities to separate the two naturally with the help of gravity.
②Precipitation equipment
The precipitation equipment includes oil pool, oil tanks, and oil drums.
③Precipitation method
When precipitating, place the crude oil in the precipitating equipment, and generally stand still at a temperature of 20 to 30°C to allow it to settle naturally. Due to the small particles of many impurities, the specific gravity of oil is not much different. Therefore, the natural precipitation rate of impurities is very slow. In addition, because the viscosity of grease decreases with increasing temperature, increasing the temperature of the oil can speed up the precipitation of certain impurities. However, increasing the temperature will also increase the solubility of phospholipids and other impurities in the oil, resulting in incomplete separation, so it should be adequate.
The characteristics of the precipitation method are simple equipment and convenient operation, but it takes a long time (sometimes more than 10 days), and because the colloidal impurities such as water and phospholipids cannot be completely removed, the oil is prone to oxidation and hydrolysis to increase the acid value. , It affects the quality of oil, not only that, but it also cannot meet the requirements of large-scale production. Therefore, this pure precipitation method is only suitable for small-scale township enterprises.
2. Filtering
①Filtering principle
Filtering is a method of passing crude oil through a medium with pores (filter cloth) under a certain pressure (or negative pressure) and temperature, so that impurities are trapped in the medium, and the net oil is passed through to achieve separation of oil and impurities.
②Filtering equipment
Chamber filter press, plate-frame filter, vibrating slag filter and horizontal leaf filter.
3. Centrifugal separation
Centrifugal separation is a method of using centrifugal force to separate suspended impurities. settling centrifuge, settling centrifuge is a kind of mechanical product that has been used for a long time in the light and chemical industry. In recent years, it has been used in some oil plants to separate suspended impurities in the crude oil. A good process effect is achieved.
1. Precipitation
①Principle of precipitation
Precipitation is a method of using the different specific gravity of oil and impurities to separate the two naturally with the help of gravity.
②Precipitation equipment
The precipitation equipment includes oil pool, oil tanks, and oil drums.
③Precipitation method
When precipitating, place the crude oil in the precipitating equipment, and generally stand still at a temperature of 20 to 30°C to allow it to settle naturally. Due to the small particles of many impurities, the specific gravity of oil is not much different. Therefore, the natural precipitation rate of impurities is very slow. In addition, because the viscosity of grease decreases with increasing temperature, increasing the temperature of the oil can speed up the precipitation of certain impurities. However, increasing the temperature will also increase the solubility of phospholipids and other impurities in the oil, resulting in incomplete separation, so it should be adequate.
The characteristics of the precipitation method are simple equipment and convenient operation, but it takes a long time (sometimes more than 10 days), and because the colloidal impurities such as water and phospholipids cannot be completely removed, the oil is prone to oxidation and hydrolysis to increase the acid value. , It affects the quality of oil, not only that, but it also cannot meet the requirements of large-scale production. Therefore, this pure precipitation method is only suitable for small-scale township enterprises.
2. Filtering
①Filtering principle
Filtering is a method of passing crude oil through a medium with pores (filter cloth) under a certain pressure (or negative pressure) and temperature, so that impurities are trapped in the medium, and the net oil is passed through to achieve separation of oil and impurities.
②Filtering equipment
Chamber filter press, plate-frame filter, vibrating slag filter and horizontal leaf filter.
3. Centrifugal separation
Centrifugal separation is a method of using centrifugal force to separate suspended impurities. settling centrifuge, settling centrifuge is a kind of mechanical product that has been used for a long time in the light and chemical industry. In recent years, it has been used in some oil plants to separate suspended impurities in the crude oil. A good process effect is achieved.
